2017小升初英语语法之倒装句
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倒装
在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装”。
倒装的种类：部分倒装---- 助动词情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词
全部倒装---- 谓语+主语
一、在特殊句型中：
1.在疑问句中:
eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?
2.在感叹句中：
eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!
3.在虚拟条件句中：
eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.
Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting!
4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时;
eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.
“You,” said his father, “do the housework.”
二、在以下结构中用全部倒装：
1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(动词为be, go, come等);
eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.
3.在“out in, up down, offaway”以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首时;
eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books.
注意：若主语是人称代词，则用正常语序---- adv.+主语+谓语;
eg: Out she went. Here we are.
4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构;
eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!
三、在以下结构中用部分倒装：
1.含有否定意义的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等)位于句首时;
eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.
I have never seen him before.----Never ……
The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
注意：not until引导的句子，主句倒装，从句不用倒装。
2.only位于句首，且修饰状语时，主句倒装;
eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.
只有意识到这门课的重要，我们才能学好它。
Only she can settle this problem.(TF?)
3.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代);若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;
eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we.
It is cold today. So it is.(TF?)
She won’t accept that invitation. NeitherNor will he.
注意：(1)“So + 主语 + be(have,助动词或情态动词)”表示对前面所说的话加以肯定，译为“的确如此”;
(2)若前面所说的既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致，用“It is the same with + 主语”或“So it is with + 主语”;
eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.
She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.
4.在”as (尽管)”引导的让步状语从句中;(可以换成though)
eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高级前不用冠词)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(动词提前，助动词留在原位)
Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.(副词提前)
5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首时，用”sosuch + adj + 主语+谓语”;
eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.
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