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1.人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am
you’re = you are
she’s = she is
he’s = he is
it’s = it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book,
a peach
an egg
an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构 肯定句:
There is a … There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式:
be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句: I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般过去时态
(a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied
eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
eg: stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化:
is/am—was,
are—were,
do—did,
have/has—had,
make—made,
fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,
take—took,
run—ran,
sing—sang,
drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing? What colour is it?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
How much is the toy bear?
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